HOBBES 1588-1679 LEVIATHAN 1651
TRANSLATES THUCYDIDES KING OF THE PROUD
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR SENSE->REASON/SPEECH
DESIRING MACHINES
1 HUMAN NATURE = MATERIALISM/MECHANISM
MAN = PARTICLES IN MOTION
AUTOMATA WITH
SELF DEFEATING,
SELF CONTRADICTORY PROGRAMMING
LIFE = MOTION, DESIRES INFINITE TO DEATH
HUMANS DRIVEN BY PRIDE + FEAR
REASON = MANIPULATION OF NAMES NO METAPHOR
TRUTH = CORRECT ORDERING OF NAMES
ALL PURSUE HONOR/SUPERIORITY -> ENVY/ WAR
2 THE COMMONWEALTH = ARTIFICIAL MORTAL GOD
CREATED BY CONTRACT IN STATE OF NATURE OR BY CONQUEST
≠ DIVINE RIGHT
NATURAL RIGHT OF SELF PROTECTION ->
LAW OF NATURE SEEK PEACE
RIGHTS = SELF PRESERVATION, ≠ SELF INCRIMINATION
NO RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUAL CONSCIENCE
FEAR OVER PRIDE, BAD OVER WORSE
BAD:WORSE::GOVT:ANARCHY
NO MORAL ORDER IN STATE OF NATURE
COMMONWEALTH
SOVEREIGNTY = SOUL
OFFICERS = JOINTS
REWARDS/PUNISHMENTS = NERVES
WEALTH = STRENGTH
SAFETY = BUSINESS
COUNSELORS = MEMORY
EQUITY = REASON
LAW = WILL
PEACE = HEALTH
SEDITION = SICKNESS
CIVIL WAR = DEATH
NO SUMMUM BONUM
AVOID SUMMUM MALUM
FREEDOM = NO EXTERNAL IMPEDIMENT TO MOTION
“COVENANTS WITHOUT SWORDS = MERE WORDS”
RATIONALISTIC ABSOLUTISM